Part I: Identification. Identify five of the following in one or two sentences each. Consider such questions as who, what, when, where, why, and so what. (3 points ea.)

1. Mississippian

2. Cibola

3. William Bradford

4. House of Burgesses

5. Dominion of New England

6. The Protestant Association

7. George Whitefield

Part II: Multiple-choice. Circle the letter before the appropriate answer to each item. (2 points each)

1. The Four Corners refers to the meeting point of

a. Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado

b. Athapascans, Aleuts, Apaches, and Anasazi

c. traders and trappers on the Great Plains

d. the major Indian confederacies of the Southwest

2. The Five Nations were composed of the

a. Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas

b. Mimacs, Crees, Montagnais, Ojibwas, and Hurons

c. Choctaws, Chickasaws, Creeks, Cherokees, Natchez

d. Clovis, Folsom, Plano, Inupiats, and Aleuts

3. Renaissance thought helped motivate exploration of the New World because of its emphasis on

a. religious authority

b. secular concerns

c. interdependent communities

d. emotion over reason

4. St. Augustine and Fort Caroline represent a collision of these two forces in Florida:

a. Spanish and Timucuan

b. French and Spanish

c. English and Spanish

d. French and Timucuan

5. The southern part of the early Carolina communities had a cultural character that was distinctly

a. West Indian

b. Spanish

c. Dutch

d. Scots-Irish

6. Maryland was the only English colony in North America with a substantial minority of

a. Puritans

b. Catholics

c. Spaniards

d. Dutch

7. The Spanish turned to the use of Africans for labor on New World plantations because

a. native populations had declined so rapidly

b. labor-intensive rice production increased

c. Africans resisted less than natives

d. they need to direct native labor toward search for gold and silver

8. The conditions encouraging the emergence of African American communities and cultures existed primarily

a. on large plantations

b. in port cities

c. on small farms

d. in frontier areas

9. A red "P" on their clothing labeled persons in Boston in the eighteenth century who

a. had committed perjury in court

b. had committed the crime of excess pride

c. were quarantined for exhibiting symptoms of the pox

d. were receiving public relief

10. While British colonial governments were not democratic, there was an eighteenth century trend toward

a. individual civil rights

b. stronger institutions of representative government

c. unity among the colonies

d. revolutions against royal governors

Part III: Essays. Write essays on two of the following topics. Your essays should be as clear and precise as possible. (33 points each)

1. The environment is an important element in shaping human societies. The climate and topography of the different regions of North America affected the community development of American Indians. Give several specific examples of this by discussing different native societies encountered by the first Europeans in America.

2. Why is the Great Awakening important in American history? Give several reasons.

3. Discuss the relationship of the institution of slavery to European expansion and to the idea of empire. How did slavery in the Thirteen Colonies and later in the United States differ from slavery in the West Indies or in South America? What did slavery contribute to the shape of American culture?

Part I: Multiple-choice questions. Circle the letter before the most appropriate response. (2 points each)

1. The Albany Conference was called by

a. the Boston Committee of Correspondence

b. British Board of Trade officials

c. the Iroquois Confederacy

d. Ben Franklin

2. In the Treaty of Paris ending the French and Indian War

a. the French lost their North American empire to the British

b. the Iroquois Confederacy ceded to the British title to all lands east of the Mississippi River

c. the Spanish acquired New Orleans and Quebec

d. France retained only Quebec in North America

3. The Zenger case provided a precedent for

a. greater tolerance of religions

b. no taxation without representation

c. greater freedom of the press

d. legislative power of colonial assemblies

4. The local militias that fought in the Revolutionary War

a. were raised by instituting a draft

b. suffered appalling rates of desertion

c. exhibited surprising military discipline

d. provided the military expertise that ultimately defeated the British

5. During the Revolutionary War, the institution of slavery

a. was abolished in a number of northern states

b. eliminated the possibility of any African Americans serving in the Patriot cause

c. was weakened in the Lower South with the shift away from tobacco farming

d. was strengthened throughout the U.S. out of fear of British-inspired slave insurrections

6. The delegates who met at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 included all of the following EXCEPT

a. slave owners

b. craftsmen and artisans

c. Revolutionary War officers

d. land speculators

7. The most important piece of legislation passed by the first session of Congress was

a. the Coercive Act of 1789

b. the Report on the Public Credit

c. the Judiciary Act of 1789

d. the Northwest Ordinance

8. Which of the following statements was NOT true of Jefferson's political philosophy?

a. America's land to grow ensured a republican form of government

b. Yeoman rural communities were essential for a republic

c. America's resources would overcome Malthusian predictions

d. Manufacturing and industrialization would enrich America

9. The "corrupt bargain" was

a. Van Buren's denunciation of patronage to friends and relatives

b. Jackson's ignoring of Supreme Court decisions

c. Jackson's objections to Clay becoming Adams's Secretary of State

d. views of Jackson's supporters regarding the Second Bank of the U. S.

10. Cumberland, Wheeling, Columbus, and Vandalia were all cities that

a. were construction stage points on the National Road

b. had the most miles of rail lines before 1840

c. sprang up as steamboat ports on the Ohio

d. were built almost overnight along the Erie Canal

Part II: Identification questions. Identify FIVE of the following items. Be as specific as you can. (4 points each)

1. Marbury v. Madison

2. Battle of New Orleans

3. The American System

4. Jefferson' Embargo Act

5. Treaty of Ghent

6. XYZ Affair

7. Battle of Saratoga

Part III: Essay questions. Write extensive essays on TWO of the following topics. Be as specific as you can, and try to respond to all parts of the question. (30 points each)

1. Enumerate several important factors or events that contributed to the crisis in relationships between Britain and the Colonies between 1763 and 1775. Explain how each party viewed these factors and why it was so difficult to resolve them. Be as specific as possible.

2. Describe the major proposals for a new constitution at the Convention in Philadelphia in 1787. Who advocated each? How were differences resolved? Comment on the problems of ratification.

3. Compare and contrast the views of Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton with respect to constitutional interpretation, governmental fiscal policy, and international affairs.

Part I: Essay Question. Write an extended essay on ONE of the following topics. Be as detailed and precise as possible. (40 points)

1. Slavery and sectionalism became increasingly important in American life from 1840 to the election of Lincoln and the secession of the Confederate states. Both the "Compromise of 1850" and the Kansas-Nebraska Act were efforts in Congress to lessen tension. Explain these two measures in detail and indicate why each failed.

2. The Civil War profoundly changed the United States. Enumerate and discuss some of the ways in which the United States was changed by this war. Consider political and constitutional issues, but also consider economic and social changes. Be specific and give examples.

Part II: Identification. Identify FIVE of the following items as precisely as possible in the space allotted. (4 points each)

1. Wilmot Proviso

2. Fifty-four forty or fight

3. William Lloyd Garrison

4. Nat Turner

5. Dred Scott

6. Dorothea Dix

7. Samuel J. Mills

Part III: Multiple-choice Questions. Circle the letter before the most appropriate response. (2 points each)

1. Which one of these is the RESULT of the others?

a. cotton boom

b. huge increase in domestic slave trade

c. Whitney-Greene cotton gin

d. British and Americans ban international slave trade

2. Which of the following is the most true of the South in regard to industrialization?

a. urban growth kept pace with the North

b. they failed to recognize industrial and transportation potential

c. Southerners chose to concentrate on cotton

d. they had 75% of the nation's railroads to transport cotton

3. Absalom Jones and Richard Allen were famous for

a. leading revolts in Virginia

b. founding African American churches

c. writing slave narratives about plantation life

d. leading rescue missions to the North

4. Which of the following has least in common with the other three?

a. George Fitzhugh

b. James Henry Hammond

c. Angelina Grimke

d. John C. Calhoun

5. Denmark Vesey was to South Carolina as Nat Turner was to

a. Louisiana

b. Mississippi

c. Georgia

d. Virginia

6. The history of Lowell epitomizes the transition from

a. self-sufficient farm families to urban wage workers

b. working class to middle class

c. slave to non-slave labor

d. overland to canal shipment of goods

7. The work style changes that occurred as factory production transformed the American economy included

a. shorter work hours than pre-industrial sun up to sun down experience

b. the regulation of work lives by clocks and bells

c. a blending of work and relaxation at the job site

d. a blending of work and leisure

8. Many of the first strikes in American labor history were led by

a. apprentices

b. middle class reformers

c. Irish immigrants

d. rural women workers

9. Charles and Lydia Finney were examples of the significance of this element in the market revolution

a. artisan family that became Boston Brahmins

b. labor reformers

c. religious response to changing economic conditions

d. middle class transcendentalists

10. This individual left England illegally and brought his cotton spinning machine construction skills to the United States

a. Moses Brown

b. Samuel Slater

c. Thomas Springer

d. Francis Lowell

11. The major factor sending waves of Irish immigrants to the United States between 1845 and 1849 was

a. the Irish potato famine

b. Parliament's passage of anti-Catholic legislation

c. the collapse of the Irish government

d. major flooding throughout Ireland

12. The most successful of the nineteenth century communitarian movements was

a. Oneida

b. Mormonism

c. New Harmony

d. the Shaker community

13. The subject that congressmen were trying to "gag" with their gag rule was

a. women's suffrage

b. abolitionism

c. labor union rights

d. prohibition

14. James K. Polk's platform in the 1844 presidential election placed him and the Democratic party clearly on the side of

a. expansionism

b. anti-expansionism

c. cheap land policy

d. Indian removal

15. Which of the following was NOT part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

a. California and New Mexico ceded to the U. S.

b. U. S. paid Mexico $15 million

c. Rio Grande established as Texas border

d. Tejanos granted political rights

16. The fatal flaw in the Compromise of 1850 was the

a. admission of California to the Union as a free state

b. passage of a tougher fugitive slave law

c. opening of the Mexican cession to popular sovereignty

d. assumption of Texas' pre-annexation debts

17. Stephen Douglas's action in introducing the Kansas-Nebraska bill in 1854 proved to be

a. a great political miscalculation

b. a step closer to the presidency for him

c. a brilliant political move

d. an insignificant political act

18. Which of the following was NOT a plank in the 1860 Republican platform?

a. praise for John Brown's raid

b. support for a transcontinental railroad

c. support for a higher tariff

d. a demand that there be no extension of slavery

19. The first state to secede from the Union was

a. Alabama

b. Mississippi

c. Virginia

d. South Carolina

20. In the election of 1864 the majority of Union soldiers voted for

a. McClellan

b. Lincoln

c. Fremont

d. Grant

Congratulations! You've finished. Best wishes for a happy holiday.