Part I: Essay Question. Write an essay on ONE of the following topics. Be as thorough as possible. 50%
1. Compare and contrast President Johnson's reconstruction plans with those of the Radical Republicans in Congress. What did these differences have to do with Johnson's impeachment?
2. Discuss motivations that lured the United States into imperialism at the end of the last century and some of the positive and negative results of this new interest.
Part II: Multiple-choice questions. Circle the letter before the most appropriate response for each question. 2 points each.
1. Lincoln's reconstruction program was based on
a. punishing the South as much as possible
b. confiscating all southern wealth for the federal government
c. bringing the seceded states back quickly and generously
d. achieving a fundamental transformation of southern society.
2. Throughout his political career, Andrew Johnson had championed
a. African-Americans
b. Whig-Republican principles
c. the planter elite
d. yeoman farmers
3. The premise behind Thaddeus Stevens's view of reconstruction was that the south should be
a. industrialized
b. populated with black and white yeomen
c. held hostage and underdeveloped as long as possible
d. returned to the rule of the planter elite
4. The "black codes" of the post-Civil War period were
a. local constitutions drawn up by freedmen to protect themselves
b. federal military enforced rules to control white violence
c. early attempts at state-by-state promotion of civil rights
d. southern laws designed to restrict the freedom of black laborers
5. The Radical Republican intention with the Tenure of Office Act was to limit the powers of
a. the planter Democrats
b. President Johnson
c. the Supreme Court
d. Congress
6. An electoral crisis developed in the Election of 1876 as a result of
a. the assassination of the Democratic nominee
b. scandal related to both nominees
c. widespread voter fraud
d. disputed electoral returns from several states
7. This group established the strongest labor unions in the West in the late nineteenth century
a. cowboys
b. miners
c. lumberjacks
d. railroad laborers
8. The Homestead Act was the most successful for homesteaders in the
a. central and upper Midwest
b. Great Plains
c. Southwest
d. Pacific Northwest
9. The Dawes Act was basically successful in
a. establishing Indians as homesteaders
b. undermining tribal sovereignty
c. reinstating and protecting reservations
d. reaffirming the integrity of Indian cultural institutions
10. Basically, the Ghost Dance of Paiute prophet Wovoka was a/an
a. attempt to organize all Native Americans in warfare
b. belief in a millennial day of judgment favorable to Indian peoples
c. warning to whites of tribal retribution
d. way to assimilate into white culture through blending Christian and native
religions
11. President Grant's Commission on Indian Affairs prepared a report that
a. was essentially sympathetic to native Americans
b. blamed native Americans for all hostilities in the West
c. advocated maintenance of separate native cultures
d. urged extermination of the Plains Indians
12. The Mormons learned how to survive in their area by relying on farming techniques learned from
a. local Indian tribes
b. the newly created Department of Agriculture
c. African Americans whose ancestors practiced them as an age-old art
d. Spanish priests
13. John D. Rockefeller's horizontal combination was so successful that he controlled this percentage of the nation's oil refining by 1880:
a. 50%
b. 60%
c. 75%
d. 90%
14. Washington Gladden and Andrew Carnegie might best be described as:
a. Social Gospeller (Gladden) and advocate of the Gospel of Wealth (Carnegie)
b. oil man and steel man
c. managerial reformer and entrepreneur
d. Protestant minister and banker
15. The Sherman Antitrust Act was
a. highly successful in controlling horizontal combinations
b. mainly ineffective in controlling large industrial giants
c. originally conceived as a way to control labor organizations
d. effective in helping small businesses to compete
16. Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the concept of the "gospel of wealth"?
a. It is a Christian duty of the wealthy to engage in conspicuous consumption.
b. The poor are poor because of difficult social conditions.
c. Virtue is its own reward.
d. The wealthy should spend money in ways that will help the deserving poor.
17. In a large city in late 19th century America, African American and immigrant women would most likely work in what type of occupation?
a. clerical position
b. sales
c. nursing
d. domestic service
18. The first group to be excluded from the privilege of immigrating to the United States by Congressional action in 1882 was persons from
a. Japan
b. Mexico
c. China
d. Russia
19. The Haymarket Square incident in 1886
a. helped fill the ranks of the Knights of Labor and the A F of L
b. succeeded in obtaining more support for the eight-hour day
c. weakened the existing wage system
d. weakened labor unions and the Knights of Labor in particular
20. Which individual is not correctly identified with a labor group he or she organized?
a. William Sylvis - National Labor Union
b. Terence Powderly - Knights of Labor
c. Leonora Barry - Ladies Assemblies
d. Frederick Taylor - American Federation of Labor
21. Thorstein Veblen called the new style of spending by the rich
a. customs of incorporation
b. conspicuous consumption
c. the Gilded Age
d. the gospel of wealth
22. The key concepts in Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward were
a. pacifism and anti-imperialism
b. community and cooperation
c. industrial power and overseas colonies
d. social gospel and free silver
23. Garfield typified the presidents of his day by assuming that the nation's chief executive should
a. actively expand his power and that of the federal government
b. be his party's titular leader and play a ceremonial role in office
c. swindle the government and give his friends the spoils
d. lead an aggressive reform role against corruption
24. Alfred Thayer Mahan helped define American foreign policy in the 1880s with his book about the influence on history of
a. imperialism
b. sea power
c. Christianity
d. discovery
25. In the Platt Amendment, the United States
a. called for the right to intervene in Cuba to protect its interests
b. demanded perpetual access to Manila harbor
c. allied with Cuban rebels against Spanish imperialists
d. declared Guam a free and independent nation.
Part I: Essay Question. Write an extensive essay on ONE of the following topics. Be as precise as possible. 50%.
1. Compare the progressivism of Theodore Roosevelt with that of Woodrow Wilson. Consider both what each of these individuals advocated and what each of them actually did when in the presidency.
2. Compare and contrast the first and second New Deal. Consider actual programs, sources of support for them, sources of opposition, and effectiveness.
3. Consider the situation of minorities in America during the Second World War. Cite specifics to describe the conditions faced by African-Americans and Japanese-Americans.
Part II: Multiple choice Questions. Circle the letter before the most appropriate response for each item. 2% each.
1. Woodrow Wilson was able to be elected president in 1912 because
a. Eugene Debs drew votes away from the Republicans
b. he repeated McKinley's pattern of 1896
c. the Republicans split between Taft and Roosevelt
d. the state Democratic machines had revived
2. The progressive diplomacy of Presidents Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson
a. stressed a moral God-given role for the U. S.
b. followed the principle of national self-determination
c. favored commercial expansion and avoided military involvement
d. aimed to keep American businesses out of other countries
3. Theodore Roosevelt received a Nobel prize for mediating a dispute between
a. Panama and Columbia
b. Russia and Japan
c. Venezuela and Germany
d. Japan and China
4. The First World War began with the assassination of the heir to the throne of
a. Bosnia
b. Germany
c. Austria-Hungary
d. Serbia
5. The Zimmerman note was a coded message proposing an alliance between Germany and
a. Canada d. the United States
b. Mexico
c. France
6. General Pershing was in charge of the
a. American Emergency Force
b. American European Force
c. American Emancipation Force
d. American Expeditionary Force
7. Which one of the following was NOT one of the Fourteen Points?
a. controlled trade
b. open covenants
c. reduced armaments
d. mediation for colonial claims
8. As a result of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, this country withdrew from World War I
a. Austria Hungary
b. Italy
c. Russia
d. Serbia
9. As a result of the election of 1920
a. a vote of confidence was placed in the progressive movement
b. Republicans won the presidency as well as Congress
c. Wilson received public support for his League
d. Eugene Debs was not able to win any votes
10. "There is no right to strike against the public safety by anybody, anywhere, any time" was a statement of
a. Herbert Hoover
b. Warren G. Harding
c. Calvin Coolidge
d. A. Mitchell Palmer
11. Hollywood movies and other elements of mass culture helped to make a
a. welfare capitalism
b. second industrial revolution
c. national community
d. civic collective
12. Henry Ford boldly boosted wages in 1914 because
a. he realized his workers would also be consumers of his product
b. the union was gaining too much support in his factories
c. he was a humanitarian genuinely concerned about worker welfare
d. he wanted to keep his workers if the war produced a labor shortage
13. In the 1920s, radio programs eventually came to be paid for by
a. the federal government
b. advertisers
c. the listeners
d. state education funds
14. Hearst, Gannett, and Scripps-Howard illustrated journalism's trend toward
a. the tabloid
b. a celebrity cult
c. consolidation and merger
d. racy advertising
15. This president lamented that the job was too much for him and his friends were a greater problem than his enemies
a. Warren G. Harding
b. Herbert Hoover
c. Calvin Coolidge
d. Woodrow Wilson
16. The Immigration act of 1921 and the Johnson-Reed act of 1924 were passed to
a. increase the labor supply in American cities
b. reduce the number of southern and eastern European immigrants
c. deport radicals and illegal immigrants more easily
d. reduce the number of immigrants from Mexico and Canada
17. The issue in the Scopes trial had to do with
a. scandal in the Ku Klux Klan leadership
b. arbitrary arrest of illegal aliens
c. child labor in Tennessee textile mills
d. teaching evolution in the public schools
18. This community became the cultural and demographic capital of black America in the 1920s
a. Harlem
b. Atlanta
c. Detroit
d. Chicago
19. Steam was to the first industrial revolution as this was to the second one
a. coal
b. electricity
c. oil
d. gasoline
20. The General Motors workers in Flint, Michigan illustrated the power of this labor tactic in 1937
a. the stretch-out
b. community union
c. the sit-down
d. parity
21. President Hoover's plan for recovery from the economic collapse focused on restoring confidence of
a. the consumer c. local governments
b. business d. the stock market
22. The Bonus Army that marched on Washington in 1932 demanded
a. public works projects for the unemployed
b. reinstatement of lost savings from failed banks
c. an early payment of a World War I veteran's bond
d. an increase of the military to provide jobs
23. In contrast to the A F of L, the CIO organized workers by
a. craft
b. income
c. location
d. industry
24. President Roosevelt's attempt to restructure the Supreme Court in 1937
a. passed overwhelmingly in Congress
b. resulted in an overturning of all his New Deal programs
c. cost him political power in Congress
d. delighted conservatives but appalled liberal supporters
25. When FDR became president, one of the first things he did to reestablish confidence in the economy was
a. set up the Temporary Emergency Relief Administration
b. declare a four-day bank holiday to shore up the banking system
c. establish the President's Emergency Committee for Unemployment
d. have Congress create the Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Part I: Essay Question. Write an essay on ONE of the following topics. (50%)
1. Compare and contrast the roles of Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson in actively changing the nation in the area of civil rights.
2. Discuss the idea that Eisenhower was a symbol of America in the 1950s. How did his attitudes and policies mirror those of the public? What were his major achievements and/or failures in domestic policy?
Part II: Multiple-choice Questions. Circle the letter before the most appropriate response. (2 points each)
1. The project name for the atomic bomb in World War II was
a. Shangri-La
b. Manhattan
c. Gadget
d. Overlord
2. Operation Overlord resulted in the liberation of
a. Italy
b. North Africa
c. France
d. Stalingrad
3. Roosevelt authorized the atomic bomb project because he feared that this country was working on it
a. Japan
b. Soviet Union
c. Germany
d. Italy
4. While lower than for other allies, the human cost of World War II for Americans was second only to the cost of
a. the American Revolution
b. Vietnam
c. World War I
d. the Civil War
5. While military facilities were scattered throughout the US, new construction particularly helped these areas
a. Midwest and new England b. U. S. territories in the Pacific & Caribbean
c. the South and the West d. the Great Plains both south and north
6. All member nations in the United Nations were represented in the
a. General Assembly
b. International Monetary Fund
c. Security Council
d. Secretariat
7. The United Nations achieved its greatest early success in
a. slowing down Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe
b. humanitarian aid to victims of World War II
c. defending human rights in Asia
d. occupying defeated Japan
8. The idealism associated with formation of the UN was openly shattered when Winston Churchill said that this had descended across Europe
a. the red menace
b. the cold war
c. an iron curtain
d. the age of anxiety
9. Compared to Franklin Roosevelt, Harry Truman exhibited this leadership style in dealing with the Soviets
a. polished and diplomatic
b. diplomatic but feisty
c. tough and defiant
d. stuffy and arrogant
10. The threatening situation that prompted President Truman to proclaim his foreign policy doctrine was British inability to help
a. stabilize Greece
b. protect South Korea
c. stop the Berlin blockade
d. rebuild Europe
11. The Marshall Plan for European nations reflected the Truman administration's fear of
a. a Soviet invasion of Western Europe
b. atomic testing in Eastern Europe
c. military confrontation between the two Germanies
d. political consequences of economic chaos
12. The United States was to NATO as the Soviet Union was to
a. containment
b. the Iron Curtain
c. Operation Vittles
d. the Warsaw Pact
13. Truman dismissed Douglas MacArthur from his Korean command because
a. he was trying to please U.N. leaders unhappy with MacArthur
b. MacArthur had publicly challenged presidential authority
c. of his poor military advice
d. he thought it would be politically popular
14. The Korean War began when
a. North Korea launched a military attack on South Korea
b. Communist China invaded Korea to keep Chinese Nationalists out
c. the Soviet Union joined North Korea in an invasion
d. South Korea attempted to unify both occupation zones of Korea
15. Many federal programs during the Eisenhower years
a. helped people achieve middle-class status
b. rebuilt inner cities
c. tried to encourage racially mixed neighborhoods
d. worked against Americans achieving a college education
16. The single largest public works program in American history was the
a. Submerged Lands Act
b. Federal Housing Act
c. Federal Highway Act
d. National Defense Education Act
17. Studies such as Riesman's Lonely Crowd and Whyte's Organization Man depicted a post-World War II American as
a. conformity-minded
b. self-reliant
c. self-disciplined
d. nurturing
18. This director of the CIA went beyond collecting and analyzing information by becoming involved in covert activities
a. John Foster Dulles
b. Allen Dulles
c. Estes Kefauver
d. Gary Powers
19. Eisenhower's role in the Suez Crisis was to
a. send CIA agents to destabilize the Nasser regime
b. support Nasser in exchange for an alliance with the U.S.
c. force the British, French, and Israelis to withdraw
d. threaten the use of nuclear force if Nasser did not back down
20. John Kennedy intended his Alliance for Progress to be a Marshall Plan for
a. Africa
b. Southeast Asia
c. Latin America
d. the Middle East
21. Eisenhower used the domino theory to justify America's
a. military-industrial complex
b. containment policy in Asia
c. refusal to help seize the Suez Canal
d. covert CIA activity in Iran
22. When Khruschev pledged to withdraw Soviet missiles from Cuba, Kennedy agreed to
a. withdraw missiles from Italy
b. set up a hotline for instant communication between them
c. sign a limited nuclear test ban agreement
d. respect Cuban sovereignty and not invade the island
23. President Truman's boldest and most practical contribution to the civil rights movement for African Americans was
a. introducing legislation based on the To Secure These Rights report
b. integrating the armed services by executive order
c. challenging the segregation laws in Washington, D.C.
d. implementing recommendations from his Committee on Civil Rights
24. In Brown v. Board of Education, Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP argued that
a. separate facilities by definition denied blacks full rights as citizens
b. black taxpayers were not receiving their fair share of public support
c. educational systems were not segregated everywhere in the U.S.
d. school segregation violated the Thirteenth Amendment
25. The Brown v. Board of Education decision dealt with a case that originated in
a. Little Rock
b. Selma
c. Topeka
d. Birmingham
26. The Tonkin Gulf resolution
a. gave the president authority to use military force in Vietnam
b. called on the U.N. to seek negotiated settlement in Vietnam
c. denounced military aggression by the Soviets in Vietnam
d. demanded investigation of the alleged incidents
27. The average age of the American Vietnam soldier was
a. 19
b. 21
c. 23
d. 26
28. In Michael Harrington's The Other America, the "other" was the
a. military-industrial complex
b. poor
c. upper class elite
d. counterculture
29. The Tet Offensive in 1968 had the important effect of
a. crippling the North Vietnamese military effort
b. improving American resolve to end the war
c. demonstrating the capability of the South Vietnamese government and army
d. damaging the credibility of those who predicted a quick victory
30. In 1970 hoping to deliver a knock-out blow to the North Vietnamese, President Nixon
a. launched the Vietnamese Plan
b. ordered the bombing of Cambodia
c. announced a cease fire in Laos and Cambodia
d. began Operation Rolling Thunder