Review Sheet for Exam 1, Biology 203

Sample multiple choice questions (letters for correct answers are capitalized):

Anatomy and Physiology/Hormones

1. The ___________ fill(s) with blood in response to nerve signals generated early in a male sexual response.

A. corpora cavernosa b. prostate c. seminal vesicles d. nipples

2. The interstitial cells in the testis produce _______________.

a. sperm b. FSH C. testosterone d. prostaglandins

3. If testosterone is absent after 7 weeks after conception, the embryonic structures (other than the gonad) will develop in the direction of the

a. male B. female

4. After the 12th week of pregnancy, the major source of estrogen and progesterone is the

a. endometrium B. placenta c. corpus luteum d. hypothalamus

5. The labioscrotal swellings are the undifferentiated equivalent of both the vagina and the clitoris.

a. true B. false

6. In the early weeks of pregnancy, ____________ gradually replaces LH, as LH production is suppressed by negative feedback.

a. HPL b. FSH C. HCG d. prolactin

7. The structure that produces the hormone that is the answer to question 6 in the early weeks of pregnancy is the

a. corpus luteum b. pituitary C. trophoblast d. fetal liver

8. The lower 1/3 of the vagina is the least sensitive to sexual stimulation.

a. true B. false

9. The hormone responsible for the thickening of the uterine lining in the first half of the menstrual cycle is

a. prolactin B. estrogen c. FSH d. LH e. progesterone

10. A healthy, genetically normal male (XY) fetus can be born with external genitals that appear to be female if his mother is treated with hormones that mimic female sex hormones before he is born.

a. true B. false

11. ___________ are molecules on the cells of a tissue that allow it to recognize and react to the signals communicated by other cells’ products.

a. hormones b. prostaglandins C. receptors d. enzymes

12. A sharp decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels 3 or 4 days before the end of the menstrual cycle triggers

a. ovulation b. degeneration of the corpus luteum

C. menstruation d. menopause

13. At the midpoint in the menstrual cycle, ovulation is triggered by a sudden seven-fold increase in the amount of ______________.

a. estrogen b. progesterone C. LH d. FSH

14. High levels of estrogen and progesterone throughout pregnancy maintain the _________________ so that the pregnancy continues even though the corpus luteum degenerates.

A. endometrium b. corpus luteum c. pituitary d. placenta

15. In a male embryo, the ______________________ develop into the vas deferens and epididymis.

A. Wolffian ducts b. Mullerian ducts c. genital tubercle d. urogenital folds

16. A Graafian follicle is one that

a. is dormant, awaiting a signal to begin to develop

b. has already ruptured and released the ovum

C. is fully mature and ready to rupture

d. has been damaged through exposure to radiation or chemicals

17. All of the following hormones are produced by the pituitary except

a. oxytocin b. FSH C. estrogen d. LH e. prolactin

18. _____________ cause(s) the myometrium to contract during menstruation, after the birth of the baby, and in response to the suckling of the baby.

a. progesterone b. negative feedback C. prostaglandins d. testosterone

19. One way that birth control pills prevent conception is by providing negative feedback to the hypothalamus to _____________ production of LH and FSH.

a. increase B. decrease

20. Muscle contractions of the uterus during labor are a response to the production of _______________ by the pituitary.

A. oxytocin b. prolactin c. estrogen d. HPL

21. If testosterone is present after 7 weeks after conception, the undifferentiated genital tubercle will differentiate into part of the

a. testis b. clitoris c. epididymis D. penis

22. The endometrium becomes secretory during the second half of the menstrual cycle under the influence of

a. prolactin b. oxytocin c. estrogen D. progesterone

23. The alveolar sacs in the mammary glands are where _______ is produced and stored.

a. prolactin B. milk c. semen d. fat

24. A total of approximately ________ days is required for the complete maturation of human sperm in the testis and epididymis.

A. 63 b. 43 c. 33 d. 23

(For the following 5 questions, diagrams from your handout will be on your exam.)

25. The structure indicated by the number 25 on the diagrams below

a. labia majora b. labia minora c. vaginal wall d. hymen

26. The structure indicated by the number 26 on the diagrams below is the

a. vagina b. Fallopian tube c. urethra d. ovary e. uterus

27. The structure indicated by the number 27 on the diagrams below is the

a. ovum b. mature follicle c. corpus luteum d. primary follicle

28. The structure indicated by the number 28 on the diagrams below is the

a. prostate b. seminal vesicle c. bulbourethral gland d. testis

29. The structure indicated by the number 29 on the diagrams below is the

a. prostate b. bulbourethral gland c. urethra d. vas deferens