Who was James J. Hill?
James Jerome Hill was born in Ontario, Canada on September 16, 1838. He
moved to St. Paul, Minnesota in 1856. There he owned the Great Northern Railway
and invested in other ventures, such as coal and iron ore mining, shipping,
and banking. When he died on May 29, 1916 he had amassed a net worth of 63
million dollars. In 2001 dollars, that is 1,059,582,778.00, or just over one
billion dollars.
What can you tell me about James Hill and the railroad?
In 1878 James Hill, along with three other investors, purchased the
St. Paul and Pacific Railroad for 280,000 dollars. In 1890 he renamed the
company the Great Northern Railway. In 1887 Hill's railroad stretched in to
Montana and in 1893 it stretched to Seattle. Hill achieved this feat without
help from the Federal Government, which had given massive amounts of money
and land to other railroad projects. By 1893, Hill controlled 10,000 miles
of railroad track, spanning from Lake Superior to Puget Sound. In 1901 Hill
successfully battled against E.H. Harriman and the Union Pacific railroad
for control of the Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy rail line in to Chicago.
Is there anything else you can tell me about James J Hill?
Sure. Hill was very interested in settling the land around his railways.
He would seek out European immigrant coming to the US via New York and persuade
them to settle around his railways. Hill was very interested in agricultural
land management and was very involved with the idea of "scientific farming".
Hill would sell lumber at a discount rate off of his railroad cars in order
to stimulate the building of towns along his routes. He would also sell cheaply
or give away cattle to promote farming in towns along his line.
Was the fire in Hinckley like the one described in the book?
Basically, but worse. On September 1, 1894, a fire destroyed the cities
of Mission Creek and Brook Park before moving in to Hinckley. The area around
Hinckley was actively harvested for lumber. After cutting down and clearing
the trees, the workers would burn the scraps and branches that remained. Well,
two such fires grew out of control to the south of Hinckley. Eventually the
fires merged and became one. Due to a relatively rare weather condition, a
vortex (or tornado) took shape and propelled the fire in to a huge wall of
destruction. As the fire swept closer to Hinckley, coming from the south,
some alert town people fled by train. The train, part of the St. Paul-Duluth
and Eastern Minnesota line, was not originally leaving Hinckley, but coming
toward it. As the train arrived the train crew noticed a thick black smoke
and that the air was getting warmer. People soon started running toward the
train, begging the train crew to save them. Just short of four hundred people
got on board and the train left Hinckley in reverse. The train was bathed
in fire as it pulled from Hinckley. It grew so hot inside the train that clothes
caught on fire and the windows melted. The train had to cross many bridges
before clearing the immediate area. The brakeman for the train got out and
inspected every one of them before the train crossed. One such bridge, the
Kettle River, was destroyed by fire mere minutes after the train crossed it.
Some towns people fled to an area known as the "gravel pit". This was a pit
dug by the railroad that had collected three feet of standing water. Approximately
one hundred people were spared by submerging themselves in the gravel pit's
water.
The above information was gathered from a number of different sources. Among them were "The Oxford Companion to American History". I also consulted a couple excellent web pages. I will list them below:
James J. Hill
, Railroad Magnate and Conservationist
James
J. Hill
James J Hill
and the Building of his Railroad Empire
Early
Hinckley
Escape
on the St. Paul and Duluth Train
Also, see the
links
section for more James J Hill and Hinckley fire links, including a link
to the James J Hill house and a link to the Hinckley fire museum.